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The aim of this paper is to present comprehensive solutions in the field of brand protection against the actions of dishonest imitators. First, the brand elements important from the its protection point of view were identified, i.e. physical product with packaging and/or service, visual identification system and intangible (‘soft’) brand elements. Then the methods for determining the brand protection...
The aim of the article is to determine whether the anti-crisis measures of the European Central Bank are conducive to increases in corporate bonds issues. This matter is important because it relates to a period when a very active monetary policy was applied, not only in the euro area countries. The internationalization of the debt markets increased the possibilities of indebtedness in the financial...
Social and economic development is characterised by its spatial diversity. Its conditions on local level usually occur on a larger scale on regional level. Thus, the analysis of development on local level is not only substantively justified but also constitutes an elaboration of particular elements of the regional development. The main goal of this article is to analyse the indicators of local development...
This paper explored the connection between relational capital and company performance by identifying and systemizing management information from publications placed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Key research was carried out for the period from 2010 to 2019. This article should be treated as a result of preliminary research of relational capital and company performance based on the desk...
The purpose of the paper is an attempt to assess the impact of the length of maternity leave as the basis for the payment of maternity allowance under social insurance and its statutory pay on the professional activity of women. The paper evaluates the relationship between the length of maternity leave and related payments of maternity allowance and the employment rate, and also tries to indicate...
The main purpose of the paper is to assess the scope the real earnings management (REM) practices in 20 industrial public companies punished by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (UKNF) for irregularities regarding compliance with IAS/IFSR. Such a group of violations includes a wide spectrum of irregularities related to: measuring impairment of assets, deviations from accounting standards...
High volatility and the contagion effect have led investors to consider alternative instruments as a part of their portfolios to be able to diversify away from the increasing risk in the stock markets. As alternative instruments, one can consider investing in such metals as gold, silver, copper, and platinum. This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between gold, silver, platinum, copper,...
The main objective of this article is to examine to what extent the banks operating in accordance with Sharia law consider the concept of corporate social responsibility as an overriding priority. As a thesis, the statement has been adopted that the religion of Islam significantly contributes to the application of this concept in Islamic financial institutions. To verify this thesis statement, a literature...
The paper reports on whether the Polonia rate showing the price of one-day money in Poland is predictable on WIBOR O/N, its banking industry mid-morning forecast. In what follows the analysis is nested within the ARDL approach to a cointegration framework. Having the error correction model estimated on the daily sampled data from the period 24 Jan 2005 to31 Dec 2019, the paper simulated 100 sequences...
In 1978 in China, nearly 250 million citizens lived under the official poverty line, and the poverty rate was 30.7%, which by 2018 fell to 0.6%. The purpose of the paper is to review the history of China’s poverty reduction strategy. The statistical data, covering the period from the beginning of the economic reforms to 2018/2019, show the process that took place in reducing poverty in China. Although...
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